Overview: Any element
can be translated into another element through energy bombardements.
This may be as simple as electrolysis or as complex as high energy collion
machines. There are also fusion techniques. I also discuss nuclear weapons
and their peaceful uses.
1 nuclear explosion could: - Dislodge tectonic pressures - Clear space debris - Relieve volcanic pressure - Yield seismic data and geological data Seismic data give a view of our planet including water tables, oil reserves, colderas, core data, etc. I propose that nuclear energy is one solution to fuel space travel including thrust, heat, sterilization, electric power, and more. |
Isotopes:
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Isotopes are a fascinating subject and are a subject of quantum and
particle physics, as well as chemistry and atomic physics. Isotopes
in a nutshell are different forms of an element, elements whose most
stable/abundant forms are listed in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Neutron absorbtion/bombardment is key in reaction controls and synthesizing
heavier and lighter elements. A collaborator suggests avoiding gravity
controls mechanisms to avoid runaway meltdown and catostophic reactions.
The nucleus of and element is bound by the strong nuclear force which
is futher subdivided into at least 17 particles. These can be transmutated
as well. The binding at this level is complex and the forces are futher
defined and subdivided - I discuss this under the quantum section.
Ionization: Ionization
is simply an excess charge buildup usually of gases and plasmas. EMP radiation
can ionize the atmosphere. Charged mercury vapor can ionize cold plasma
in a fluorescent lamp. Most, if not all of the noble gases and other gases
can fluoresce from charged particles. The magnetosphere can be ionized
from solar radiation and is obvious in the auroras. The magnetosphere
wraps the ionosphere except at the poles. |
Diatomic Configurations: Diatomicsm
can be observed indirectly in condensate structures and can be simulated
in molecular brownian studies. These "super atoms" are one of
the extraordinary states of matter. They can be studied to give data on
the individual atoms and elements. They help confirm the periodic table. |
Chemistry: For
more comprehensive chemistry, please visit my chemistry webpage. Here,
I will discuss a few quickies on the table of elements. Each element can
be synthesized to the next through discrete energy bombardment. Discrete
energy can be infused through various means. There are approximately 120
elements. The trailing elements are synthesized and their half-lives are
very short (they absorb and transmit various energy quanta in milliseconds
and microseconds). There are additional periodic graphs for radii and
electronegativity - as an example. Additional graphs may include proximity
bonds, shared, and electrostatic. |
Physics:
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Atomic
physics can be best described in terms of quanta and particle physics.
You can shoot electrons, photons, atoms, and molecules. Each test numerically
offer data of scatter patterns. There is a dual wave particle nature
in the results which gives a view of casimir like forces and wave entanglement.
We have mass spectrometers, colliders, refractors, and ion tracks to
name just a few of the tools of measure. I may elaborate in the future
on these various methods of measure and data collection.
Nuclear Option:
Folks, as some loose affiliates have pointed out, there may be other energy
options available for general space travel than nuclear fuel including
antimatter, electromagnetic feedback systems, and pn toroidal generating
machines. Other ideas may be deployment of solar sails. This is a great
idea, for certain applications and circumstances. Solar sails have some
applications, but they probably can't propel general space travel. I believe
that ultimately, nuclear fuel is a good solution. Nuclear reactions are
what powers our sun! Man made nuclear reactions are also capable of equivalent
mega tons of TNT explosives, or millions of tons of TNT. Nuclear reactions
can light a city or destroy a city. I believe this force or anti-matter
is the power that would be essential for general space travel and colonization.
A collaborator has pointed out that an electrical spark may be all that
is necessary in the generation of anti-matter. We still need colliders
for all kinds of reasons including the verification that mass grows without
bound near the speed of light. The idea that mass grows out of bounds
is simply a mathematical barrier just like infinity which is abstract
mathematically and something special happens in and around this barrier,
including feedback loops and additional extraordinary fields. There are
too many numerous results beyond this including some simple concepts that
prove the speed of light is not a cosmic speed limit. I discuss this idea
elsewhere. |
Space Fuel: I
think the previous section is an adequate summary of what is needed to
fuel space travel. Here I will describe why and how nuclear capability
may be essential for space travel. First, it is important to understand
Newtonian Physics. If you don't understand this, go read about it and
come back, because we are not going to cover it here. Thrust in an airborne
craft, is literally an infinite and seamless series of explosions. Like
watching a movie, the frames per second, or explosions per second, gives
a nice seamless result. Of course, some physicists might argue against
this, because we are speaking of "atomization" of fuel when
speaking of thrust, which is why I will call thrust an "infinite
series" of continuous explosions and depends on combustibility and
catalysis - and, of course, I probably discuss infinite series under the
Math & Measure section. There are a few things that I want to point
out regarding nuclear fuel as more than a possible thrust option. In a
circular system on a space vessel, you may have water, hydrogen, oxygen,
life, food, and climate control. With nuclear power, you can generate
heat, thrust, and electricity. These are what you need for propulsion,
air conditioning, recycling water, air, electricity, systems, electrolysis,
chemistry, studies, and laboratory work. Nuclear power is the power that
can achieve all of this. And remember, good nuclear fuel is a result of
nature's laboratory over the eons- so it is relatively inexpensive for
what you can achieve. But how do you cool air with nuclear reactions?
You simply insulate your nuclear reactions and create electricity. For
a nuclear reaction, vacuum chambers may be the best solution - don't use
fiberglass! Your electricity can run fans and A/C, or an overall climate
control system. So you siphon heat when needed, or run A/C when needed.
You can use temperature exchangers as well. This may me be an over simplification
in a circular style habitat and life system, but these are the fundamentals.
OK then, thrust is really one of the big deals of space travel. We need
lots of consistent explosive energy. I believe that much of our rocketry
may use solid fuels, and my memory is that the Space Shuttle uses Hydrogen.
A solid fuel has its advantages, but may be difficult to control. You
could do a combination of solid and hydrogen fuel - solid fuel to get
you where you are going, and hydrogen to help steer you. Once again, for
space colonization, I can not help but think of the power of nuclear fuel
to obliterate an entire city or county, or that same energy lighting a
city or county for decades. As I have pointed out, a nuclear weapon is
theoretically and relatively simple to construct, but controlling this
energy for useful purposes is what separates the terrorists from the achievers.
Controlling this energy is what an elevated physicist can accomplish,
as well as a 1st class society. Folks, I believe we have come a long way
in controlling this explosive power above and beyond electric generation. |
Carbon Dating:
Carbon can take on so many forms (isotopes and compounds), that carbon
is arguably essential to life itself! In Star Trek, the search for life
is the search for carbon compounds - and, there are scientific principles
supporting carbon as being essential to life. Folks, carbon beats gold
on many fronts! And, it is common to life and nature. Carbon can take
on so many configurations, as well as combine with so many elements in
seemingly infinite configurations and compounds. The idea of carbon dating
can be applied to general radioactive decay and other dating methods as
well as cross-referencing other data, theories, and hypotheses. The array
of dating methods available depends on what you are dating. If it is something
from Africa in the 1900s, a little research and documentation should authenticate
your antiquity. If it is something from 1000 BCE, such as an artifact,
it may require legend, , history, documentation, cores samples, archeological
finds, data and records, books, and other information to help decipher
its authenticity. If it is beyond these research methods and tools, and
special or still questionable, it may require more study including some
radioactive decay analyses, or carbon dating. |
Radioactive Decay:
The preceeding carbon dating section certainly covers radioactive decay.
In a nutshell, a radioactive substance stabilizes through energy transmutations
over a predictable period of time. It's predictability is measured numerically
in it's half life. I have left these concepts to the math & measure
section, which covers Calculus theory, mathematical theory, computational
theory, data theory, and measurement abstraction, along with radioactive
decay. There is not too much to say, except that radioactive decay is
a measurable change of the state of an element in your specimen, artifact,
or sample. These changes are predictable, calculable, and may be measured
in nanoseconds, or as long as millennia! Check back from time to time
for updates. |
Nucleo Synthesis:
There are formulas for synthesizing elements from one element to another
based on bombardments of energy. The formulas on the left show neutron,
proton, electron, Deutrium, Tritium, Helium, Gamma, and Beta levels. Energy
is discrete. |
Summary:
Summarizing this section will lead to spaceflight, since that is what
this website is about. Having said this, there should be an understanding
of all of the concepts covered throughout this entire website.You need
to understand basic demand and supply economics. You need to understand
free enterprise. You need to understand theory. You need to understand
hypotheses. You need to understand data. You need to understand methods.
You need to understand 100,000 ideas, concepts, applications, and a few
more! Hell, econ 101 will show you that your beloved NASA has not produced
the kind of space colonization that I am speaking of. So if you want to
launch folks into space, you need to understand some basic principles.
If you are a consumer of possible space travel - all you care about is
whether or not you can take a safe ride for $1,000,000.00, or $500,000.00,
or $100,000.00. Of course, you can fly worldwide on an airline for a few
hundred dollars. Aren't space hotels and space travel more tantalizing?
Econ 101 says that prices will dwindle for any product or service once
it is widely accepted, demanded, and supplied. So, how about a $100,000.00
spaceflight? What about $100,000.00 for a 2 month stay? What about 3 months?
What about package deals? Do you earn $100,000 disposable income in 5
years? What does 2500 people at $500,000.00 produce? $50,000,000.00 is
the answer. What does 25 launches of 100 people yield? 2500 people at
around $25 mill. What do you do with the other $25 mill? How about logistics?
These are rough ideas, but some of these numbers may be close. For example,
you should be able to launch a payload into orbit for around $1.5 million
USD. And of course, atomic physics may be the key to broader inter-stellar
space travel. |
Pic Group:FOLDER: atomic
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